Optical effects in solids
نویسنده
چکیده
This course describes the interaction of electromagnetic radiation in the “optical” part of the spectrum (microwaves, infrared visible, ultraviolet) with matter—metals, insulators, semiconductors, and superconductors. Topics covered include the following. 1. Maxwell’s equations and plane waves in matter. 2. The refractive index N and the complex dielectric function, . 3. Semiclassical theories for . a. Drude absorption by free carriers in metals and semiconductors. b. Interband absorption in semiconductors and insulators. c. Vibrational absorption: phonons. 4. A look at real solids. 5. Free-electron metals: quantum theory. 6. Nonlocal effects: skin effect (classical and anomalous). 7. Interband absorption in semiconductors: the absorption edge, excitons, indirect transitions. 8. Reflection and refraction at an interface. 9. Multilayer systems; interference. 10. Sum rules and Kramers-Kronig relations. 11. Superconductors: gap transitions, kinetic inductance. 12. Anisotropic and inhomogeneous materials.
منابع مشابه
Investigation on Dynamic Calibration for an Optical-Fiber Solids Concentration Probe in Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flows
This paper presents a review and analysis of the research that has been carried out on dynamic calibration for optical-fiber solids concentration probes. An introduction to the optical-fiber solids concentration probe was given. Different calibration methods of optical-fiber solids concentration probes reported in the literature were reviewed. In addition, a reflection-type optical-fiber solids...
متن کاملExamining nanoenvironments in solids on the scale of a single, isolated impurity molecule.
Optical spectroscopy of single impurity molecules in solids can be used as an exquisitely sensitive probe of the structure and dynamics of the specific local environment around the single molecule (the "nanoenvironment"). Recently observed effects such as spectral diffusion, perturbations by external fields, changes in molecular photophysics, shifts in vibrational modes, optical modification of...
متن کاملNonlinear Optical Phenomena Nd Materials ~ 8554
The field of nonlinear optics has developed rapidly since its beginning in 1961. This development is in both the theory of nonlinear effects and the theory of nonlinear interactions in solids, and in the applications of nonlinear devices. This review discusses nonlinear interactions in solids and the resultant nonlinear coupling of electromagnetic waves that leads to second harmonic generation,...
متن کاملLaser cooling in solids: advances and prospects.
This review discusses the progress and ongoing efforts in optical refrigeration. Optical refrigeration is a process in which phonons are removed from a solid by anti-Stokes fluorescence. The review first summarizes the history of optical refrigeration, noting the success in cooling rare-earth-doped solids to cryogenic temperatures. It then examines in detail a four-level model of rare-earth-bas...
متن کاملTechnical note: Use of a digital and an optical Brix refractometer to estimate total solids in milk replacer solutions for calves.
The Brix refractometer is used on dairy farms and calf ranches for colostrum quality (estimation of IgG concentration), estimation of serum IgG concentration in neonatal calves, and nonsalable milk evaluation of total solids for calf nutrition. Another potential use is to estimate the total solids concentrations of milk replacer mixes as an aid in monitoring feeding consistency. The purpose of ...
متن کاملAlkali-metal plasmons, pseudopotentials, and optical sum rules
Starting from recent experimental and theoretical results on the optical absorption of lithium clusters, we reexamine some effects of the angular-momentum dependence of the electron-ion interaction, a necessary ingredient of accurate valence-only atoms. Our theoretical results are compared to a variety of optical data for alkali-metal atoms, clusters, and bulk solids, and illustrate interesting...
متن کامل